INTRODUCTION

Endometrial cancer is a malignancy of the uterine lining which occurs most often in women from 50-65 years of age [1]. The estimated survival rate remains between 75 to 90 percent. Cervical cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix. These abnormalities are first apparent in the endocervix – the narrow canal that leads from inside the uterus out to the vagina [2]. The endocervical canal is the most likely vulnerable site to cancer because it is an area of cellular transition and constant change. The cervical cells are squamous cells. The endocervical canal is the point at which two cell types meet. Here the cuboidal cells actually transform into squamous cells. The intense cellular activity leaves this area susceptible to abnormalities. In the United States, the cervical cancer is the 8th most common cancer in women. In UK it is the 12th most common form of cancer in women. In European Union there were about 34000 new cases of cervical cancer reported annually [3]. In Canada 1300 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2008. In Australia there were 734 cases of cervical cancer registered. In India more than 2.5 million cases have been estimated per year and it is presumed to be one of the ten leading causes of death. The cervical and breast cancers were predominant in women. The national cancer registry and a survey attributed various socio-economic and endogenous factors as the prime cause of uterine – cervical cancers in India. In contrast to the above statistics which is a decade back, the current information reveals that cervical cancer is found worldwide 5,70,000 new cases in 2018 and about 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occurred in low and middle income countries.

Both the preclinical and advanced stages of cervical cancers could be identified by the cyto-diagnosis. The uterine-cervical cancers have been categorized through histological examination into specific types. The various types of cervical cancers include interstitial, signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma, adenomalignum, villoglandular, pappilary adenocarcinoma, endometroid adenocarcinoma and papillary serous adenocarcioma.

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